Project Description
In this project, our group researched a disease caused by an error that occurred in the process in protein synthesis. In order for us to be thorough we needed to be clear on the topic protein synthesis. We showed our findings by presenting it in some form of creative way such as a poster or video. We then compared the abnormal protein to a healthy normal protein and saw what the differences were. We also provided other information for our specific disease such as areas affected, treatments, and statistics.
Project
Content
Nucleus: A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material. The nucleus is where the process of transcription takes place.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. Your DNA is precious to you and needs to be kept safe. The mRNA unzips the DNA to make a copy of it and moves on.
Translation: Translation is a step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is the process that takes place in the cytoplasm.
mRNA: Messenger RNA is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
Codon/Anti-Codon: A codon is found on the coding strand of double-stranded DNA and in the (single-stranded) mRNA. The anti-codon is found on the tRNA and is the part that base-pairs with the codon(on the mRNA) in order to bring the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome to be added to the growing peptide chain.
Transcription: Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template. Translation occurs in the nucleus.
Ribosome: A sphere-shaped structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis. Molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
Amino Acid: The building block of protein in which each is coded for by a codon and linked together through peptide bonds. A chain of amino acids attach to the ribosome and create a polypeptide chain.
tRNA: Small RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome for polymerization into a polypeptide. During translation the amino acid is inserted into the growing polypeptide chain when the anticodon of the tRNA pairs with a codon on the mRNA being translated. tRna carries the anti-codon which then attaches and bonds with the codon on the mRNA. The tRNA also has a specific amino acid attached to it.
Polypeptide chain: A polypeptide is a single linear chain of many amino acids, held together by amide bonds. The amino acids form the polypeptide chain which attach to the ribosome.
Folding: Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure. It is the physical process by which a polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure. Protein folding occurs during translation. After the amino acids form a polypeptide chain, they then go to form either alpha helix's or beta sheets.
Protein: Proteins are a macromolecule, and are extremely important. Their main function are as enzymes, as they catalyze many processes in the cell. Its monomer are amino acids. the protein being created is the final part in the protein synthesis process.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. Your DNA is precious to you and needs to be kept safe. The mRNA unzips the DNA to make a copy of it and moves on.
Translation: Translation is a step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is the process that takes place in the cytoplasm.
mRNA: Messenger RNA is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
Codon/Anti-Codon: A codon is found on the coding strand of double-stranded DNA and in the (single-stranded) mRNA. The anti-codon is found on the tRNA and is the part that base-pairs with the codon(on the mRNA) in order to bring the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome to be added to the growing peptide chain.
Transcription: Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template. Translation occurs in the nucleus.
Ribosome: A sphere-shaped structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis. Molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
Amino Acid: The building block of protein in which each is coded for by a codon and linked together through peptide bonds. A chain of amino acids attach to the ribosome and create a polypeptide chain.
tRNA: Small RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome for polymerization into a polypeptide. During translation the amino acid is inserted into the growing polypeptide chain when the anticodon of the tRNA pairs with a codon on the mRNA being translated. tRna carries the anti-codon which then attaches and bonds with the codon on the mRNA. The tRNA also has a specific amino acid attached to it.
Polypeptide chain: A polypeptide is a single linear chain of many amino acids, held together by amide bonds. The amino acids form the polypeptide chain which attach to the ribosome.
Folding: Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure. It is the physical process by which a polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure. Protein folding occurs during translation. After the amino acids form a polypeptide chain, they then go to form either alpha helix's or beta sheets.
Protein: Proteins are a macromolecule, and are extremely important. Their main function are as enzymes, as they catalyze many processes in the cell. Its monomer are amino acids. the protein being created is the final part in the protein synthesis process.
Reflection
For the most part this project went well but it had its ups and downs. My group wasn't exactly the most studious, but we got the job done. We definitely had a lot of fun during this project because it was really interesting to research Marfan’s syndrome. We all had a job throughout the process of the project and we all completed it well. What could have went better would be the understanding of the concept. We had to learn about protein synthesis in order to complete the project and my group mates were only half clear on what it was. In this project I learned new leadership skills such as taking on more responsibility and picking up slack where it needed to be picked up. We also learned how to manage time better because of our use of a Gantt chart. A Gantt charts purpose is to plan out a project and manage the time better. 2 things I can improve on for future projects could be being more empathetic and more open to new ideas. A peak we had was when we develop the idea of making a brochure to demonstrate the facts of Marfan’s syndrome. We thought this way to demonstrate information would be quick and to the point. A pit we had was when we didn't have enough information on protein synthesis as needed. We solved this by typing a passage thoroughly explaining protein synthesis.